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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

930
Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...
930

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Second harmonic generation in gallium phosphide nano-waveguides.

Aravind P Anthur, Haizhong Zhang, Yuriy Akimov

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    |April 6, 2021
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    Gallium phosphide (GaP) nano-waveguides were developed for efficient second harmonic generation (SHG). This research achieved record SHG efficiency in GaP waveguides, advancing integrated photonics for classical and quantum technologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Integrated photonic devices are crucial for advanced optical applications.
    • Efficient nonlinear optical processes in integrated platforms are highly sought after.
    • Gallium phosphide (GaP) offers promising nonlinear properties for photonic integration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, fabricate, and test gallium phosphide (GaP) nano-waveguides for second harmonic generation (SHG).
    • To demonstrate and optimize SHG in the visible spectrum using modal phase matching in GaP waveguides.
    • To explore the tunability of SHG in these devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of GaP nano-waveguides with varying widths.
    • Experimental demonstration of second harmonic generation (SHG) using modal phase matching.
    • Characterization of SHG efficiency and temperature tuning capabilities.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of SHG in the visible range (around 655 nm) in GaP nano-waveguides.
    • Observation of phase-matched SHG by adjusting waveguide dimensions and pump wavelength.
    • Achieved a normalized internal SHG conversion efficiency of 0.4% W⁻¹cm⁻², the highest reported for GaP waveguides.
    • Demonstrated temperature tuning of the SHG wavelength with a slope of 0.17 nm/°C.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed GaP nano-waveguides enable efficient nonlinear wave-mixing for integrated photonics.
    • These findings represent a significant advancement for developing compact and efficient nonlinear optical devices.
    • The results pave the way for novel classical and quantum photonic applications.