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A gyroscope is defined as a spinning disk in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation. When spinning, the orientation of the spin axis is unaffected by the orientation of the body that encloses it. The body or vehicle enclosing the gyroscope can be moved from place to place, while the orientation of the spin axis remains the same. This makes gyroscopes very useful in navigation, especially where magnetic compasses cannot be used, such as in crewed and crewless spacecraft,...
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Precession can be demonstrated effectively through a spinning top. If a spinning top is placed on a flat surface near the surface of the Earth at a vertical angle and is not spinning, it will fall over due to the force of gravity producing a torque acting on its center of mass. However, if the top is spinning on its axis, it precesses about the vertical direction, rather than topple over due to this torque. Precessional motion is a combination of a steady circular motion of the axis and the...
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A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or...
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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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In uniform circular motion, the particle executing circular motion has a constant speed, and the circle is at a fixed radius. However, not all circular motion occurs at a constant speed. A particle can travel in a circle and speed up or slow down, showing an acceleration in the direction of motion. In that case, the motion is called non-uniform circular motion, and an additional acceleration is introduced, which is in the direction tangential to the circle. 
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Gyroelectric guided modes with transverse optical spin.

Su-Hyun Gong, Q-Han Park

    Optics Express
    |April 6, 2021
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    Summary

    Researchers clarified transverse optical spin in gyroelectric media. This study reveals novel guided modes for nanoscale optical spin manipulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Light's transverse nature typically results in longitudinal optical spin.
    • Gyroelectric media exhibit anisotropic permittivity, influencing light propagation.
    • Understanding optical spin dynamics in novel materials is crucial for advanced optics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To clarify the unprecedented transverse optical spin in propagating waves and guided modes within a gyroelectric medium.
    • To identify and characterize propagation modes and their optical spin polarization in bulk gyroelectric materials.
    • To investigate the induction and transport of transverse optical spin in gyroelectric slab waveguides.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical identification of propagation modes in bulk gyroelectric media.

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  • Analysis of optical spin components (longitudinal and transverse) based on propagation and magnetization directions.
  • Numerical simulations using a modified 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to study guided modes in a gyroelectric slab waveguide.

    • Main Results:

    • Anisotropic permittivity in gyroelectric media leads to two distinct propagation modes (slow and fast).
    • Optical spin in these modes varies with propagation direction and exhibits both longitudinal and transverse components when light propagation is not parallel to magnetization.
    • Gyroelectric slab waveguides successfully induce transverse optical spin in guided light, with transport behavior confirmed via numerical analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Gyroelectric media support unique optical spin phenomena, including transverse optical spin in guided modes.
    • These findings demonstrate the potential of gyroelectric materials for novel nanoscale optical spin manipulation.
    • The identified gyroelectric guided modes offer a new pathway for controlling optical spin at the nanoscale.