Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

1.4K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
1.4K
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

368
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
368
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

1.0K
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
1.0K
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

540
The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force...
540
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

2.2K
An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.
2.2K
Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving01:20

Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving

1.8K
There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
In order to solve a problem related to heat transfer, first of all, the situation needs to be examined to determine the type of heat transfer involved. This could...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporal immunomodulation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells by magnesium regulates osteoimmune responses in osteoporotic fracture healing.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Analogs of Spontaneous Emission and Lasing in Photonic Time Crystals.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: Dynamic realization of emergent high-dimensional optical vortices.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Arbitrary Total Angular Momentum Vectorial Holography Using Bi-Layer Metasurfaces.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Electronic trap detection with carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Dynamic realization of emergent high-dimensional optical vortices.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption
10:36

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption

Published on: November 3, 2023

1.8K

Directional radiation for optimal radiative cooling.

Suwan Jeon, Jonghwa Shin

    Optics Express
    |April 6, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Optimizing radiative cooling emitters involves managing high zenith angle absorption. Modifying designs to exclude high angles significantly enhances cooling performance for various surfaces.

    More Related Videos

    Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
    10:03

    Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

    Published on: October 5, 2018

    8.4K
    Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies
    05:56

    Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies

    Published on: November 6, 2018

    8.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Nov 10, 2025

    Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption
    10:36

    Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption

    Published on: November 3, 2023

    1.8K
    Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
    10:03

    Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

    Published on: October 5, 2018

    8.4K
    Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies
    05:56

    Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies

    Published on: November 6, 2018

    8.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Thermodynamics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Omnidirectional radiation schemes are common in thermal emitters for radiative cooling.
    • Isotropic emitters face performance limitations due to high zenith angle radiative absorption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitatively analyze how high zenith angles affect radiative cooling performance.
    • To demonstrate performance improvements by modifying emitter designs to exclude high angles.
    • To provide a guideline for designing practical radiative cooling systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantitative analysis of net radiative absorption at high zenith angles.
    • Simulation and modification of commonly used isotropic emitter designs.
    • Derivation of an ideal directional spectral emissivity expression for sub-ambient conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Significant net radiative absorption at high zenith angles was found to limit emitter performance.
    • Cutting off high zenith angle components substantially improved cooling performance.
    • An expression for ideal directional spectral emissivity was developed.

    Conclusions:

    • High zenith angles are a critical factor limiting radiative cooling performance of isotropic emitters.
    • Design modifications excluding high angles offer a practical strategy for enhancing cooling efficiency.
    • The derived principles can guide the design of radiative coolers for diverse architectural surfaces.