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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Immunotherapy in psoriasis.

Lilla Landeck1, Robert Sabat2, Kamran Ghoreschi3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Ernst von Bergmann General Hospital, Potsdam 14467, Germany.

Immunotherapy
|April 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological treatments for psoriasis targeting cytokines have advanced significantly. This review overviews approved biologic drugs, their mechanisms, and selection criteria for effective psoriasis management.

Keywords:
COVID-19biologicalscytokinesdrug selectiondrug targetsimmunomodulationindividualized therapyinterleukinspharmacologyskin inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Psoriasis treatment has evolved with targeted therapies.
  • Biological drugs now target key inflammatory cytokines in the human cytokine network.
  • Eleven biologic agents (antibodies and a soluble receptor) are currently approved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of approved biologicals for psoriasis treatment.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of each biologic class.
  • To summarize criteria for selecting the optimal therapy for individual patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of approved biological therapies for psoriasis.
  • Classification of biologics based on cytokine targets: TNF-α, IL-12/23, IL-17, and IL-23 inhibitors.
  • Analysis of drug mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles.

Main Results:

  • Four main classes of biologics are available: TNF-α, IL-12/23, IL-17, and IL-23 inhibitors.
  • Each class offers distinct advantages and limitations in treating psoriasis.
  • Therapy selection requires careful consideration of patient-specific factors.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of biologic psoriasis treatment is diverse, offering personalized options.
  • Understanding the different biologic classes and their targets is crucial for effective management.
  • A systematic approach to therapy selection optimizes patient outcomes in psoriasis care.