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Impact of Cardiovascular Diseases on COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Qingtai Cao1, HanYu Lei2,3, MengLing Yang2,3
1Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).
Insights
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant cardiovascular complications, even in patients without respiratory issues. Understanding these cardiac risks and their mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents a major global health challenge.
- Initial research focused on pulmonary manifestations, but cardiovascular complications are increasingly recognized.
- Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases appear to elevate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current research on the link between COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications.
- To explore potential mechanisms underlying these cardiac adverse events.
- To discuss possible therapeutic interventions for managing cardiovascular complications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on COVID-19 and cardiovascular outcomes.
- Analysis of proposed pathogenic mechanisms.
- Synthesis of information on treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 is associated with a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, irrespective of respiratory symptoms.
- Potential mechanisms include viral-receptor interactions, inflammation, stress responses, hypoxia, and drug effects.
- Underlying cardiovascular conditions may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular complications are a significant concern in COVID-19 patients.
- Targeting pathogenic factors may mitigate cardiac adverse events.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate mechanisms and optimize treatments for COVID-19-associated cardiovascular issues.
Abstract:
In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause broke out, and currently more than 150 countries around the world have been affected. Globally, as of 5: 46 pm CET, 6 November 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had reported 48 534 508 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 1 231 017 deaths. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is the most important medical challenge in decades. Previous research mainly focused on the exploration of lung changes. However, with development of the disease and deepening research, more and more patients showed cardiovascular diseases, even in those without respiratory symptoms, and some researchers have found that underlying cardiovascular diseases increase the risk of infection. Although the related mechanism is not thoroughly studied, based on existing research, we speculate that the interaction between the virus and its receptor, inflammatory factors, various forms of the stress response, hypoxic environment, and drug administration could all induce the development of cardiac adverse events. Interventions to control these pathogenic factors may effectively reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. This review summarizes the latest research on the relationship between COVID-19 and its associated cardiovascular complications, and we also explore possible mechanisms and treatments.
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