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Electromagnetic Fields

Electromagnetic Fields

Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
However, the observation of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

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Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Entrain Locust Wingbeats.

Sebastian Shepherd¹, Christopher W Jackson¹, Suleiman M Sharkh²

¹Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, UK.

Bioelectromagnetics

|April 6, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) significantly alter locust flight patterns. Locusts exposed to 50 Hz ELF EMFs showed changes in wingbeat frequency, entraining to the applied field frequency.

Keywords:

ELF electromagnetic fields entrainment flight grasshopper wingbeat

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Area of Science:

Bioelectromagnetics
Insect Physiology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) are known to affect insect behavior and physiology.
Further research is needed to understand the specific impacts of ELF EMFs on flying insects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of acute exposure to 50 Hz ELF EMFs on locust flight.
To determine the relationship between EMF field strength and changes in wingbeat frequency.
To analyze the entrainment of locust wingbeat frequency to applied EMFs.

Main Methods:

Locust flight was analyzed using high-speed video recording.
Tethered locusts were exposed to 50 Hz EMFs generated by copper wire coils.
Wingbeat frequencies were measured and analyzed in relation to EMF field strength and frequency.

Main Results:

Exposure to 50 Hz EMFs significantly altered locust wingbeat frequency in a field strength-dependent manner.
Locusts flying below 20 Hz increased wingbeat frequency, while those above 20 Hz decreased it.
Locust wingbeat frequency entrained to the applied EMF, showing a 2:5 ratio and then exact frequency matching.

Conclusions:

Acute exposure to ELF EMFs induces small but significant changes in locust wingbeat frequency.
Locust flight behavior can be modulated and entrained by external electromagnetic stimuli.
These findings have implications for understanding insect coordination and responses to electromagnetic environments.