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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
Published on: July 12, 2024
Airborne pollen concentrations and daily mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular causes
Jouni J K Jaakkola1,2,3,4, Simo-Pekka Kiihamäki1, Simo Näyhä1
1Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Abstract:
We conducted a time-series analysis of the relations between daily levels of allergenic pollen and mortality in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area with 153 378 deaths; 9742 from respiratory and 57 402 from cardiovascular causes. Daily (average) pollen counts of alder, birch, mugwort and grass were measured. In quasi-Poisson regression analysis, abundant alder pollen increased the risk of non-accidental deaths with an adjusted cumulative mortality rate ratio (acMRR) of 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.19) and of deaths from respiratory-diseases with acMRR of 1.78 (95% CI 1.19-2.65). Abundant mugwort pollen increased cardiovascular mortality (1.41, 1.02-1.95). These findings identify an important global public health problem.
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