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Recent advances in developing optical and electrochemical sensors for analysis of methamphetamine: A review
Zeynab Khorablou1, Faezeh Shahdost-Fard2, Habib Razmi1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, PO BOX 53714-161, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract:
Recognition of misused stimulant drugs has always been a hot topic from a medical and judicial perspective. Methamphetamine (MAMP) is an addictive and illegal drug that profoundly affects the central nervous system. Like other illicit drugs, the detection of MAMP in biological and street samples is vital for several organizations such as forensic medicine, anti-drug headquarters and diagnostic clinics. By emerging nanotechnology and exploiting nanomaterials in sensing applications, a great deal of attention has been given to the design of analytical sensors in MAMP tracing. For the first time, this study has briefly reviewed all the optical and electrochemical sensors in MAMP detection from earlier so far. How various receptors with engineering nanomaterials allow developing novel approaches to measure MAMP have been studied. Fundamental concepts related to optical and electrochemical recognition assays in which nanomaterials have been used and relevant MAMP sensing applications have been comprehensively covered. Challenges, opportunities and future outlooks of this field have also been discussed at the end.
Insights
This review covers optical and electrochemical sensors for detecting methamphetamine (MAMP). Nanotechnology enhances MAMP detection in forensic and clinical settings, offering new analytical approaches.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Nanotechnology
- Forensic Science
Background:
- Misuse of stimulant drugs, particularly methamphetamine (MAMP), presents significant medical and judicial challenges.
- Accurate detection of MAMP in biological and street samples is crucial for forensic medicine, anti-drug agencies, and diagnostic clinics.
- The central nervous system is profoundly affected by methamphetamine due to its addictive and illegal nature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of optical and electrochemical sensors for methamphetamine detection.
- To explore the role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in developing novel MAMP sensing applications.
- To discuss the fundamental concepts, challenges, and future prospects in MAMP sensing.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing literature on optical and electrochemical sensors for MAMP detection.
- Analysis of how engineered nanomaterials and various receptors contribute to novel MAMP sensing strategies.
- Examination of fundamental principles behind optical and electrochemical recognition assays utilizing nanomaterials.
Main Results:
- This study comprehensively reviews optical and electrochemical sensing technologies for MAMP detection.
- It highlights the innovative use of engineered nanomaterials and receptors in developing sensitive MAMP detection methods.
- The review covers fundamental sensing concepts and practical applications in MAMP tracing.
Conclusions:
- Nanotechnology offers promising advancements in the development of analytical sensors for methamphetamine detection.
- Optical and electrochemical sensors, enhanced by nanomaterials, are vital tools for MAMP tracing in various settings.
- Further research into challenges and opportunities will drive future innovations in MAMP sensing technology.
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