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Persisting olfactory dysfunction improves in patients 6 months after COVID-19 disease.

Martin Sylvester Otte1, Marie-Luise Bork1, Philipp Heinrich Zimmermann1

  • 1Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica
|April 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19 often improves significantly within six months. Most patients regained smelling ability, indicating potential for recovery from this common post-viral symptom.

Keywords:
Sars-CoV-2Smell testSniffin’ Stickslong-COVIDsmell disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Persistent smell disorders affect approximately 50% of COVID-19 patients.
  • The long-term duration of these olfactory symptoms remains largely unknown.
  • Few studies have utilized validated olfactory testing to assess COVID-19-related smell loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate olfactory function improvement at six months in patients with COVID-19-related smell impairment detected at three months.
  • To quantify the recovery rate of olfactory function using validated testing methods.

Main Methods:

  • Included 26 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and impaired olfactory function at three months post-infection.
  • Assessed olfactory function using the validated "sniffing sticks" test.
  • Evaluated taste function using taste sprays.

Main Results:

  • Smelling function improved in 96% of patients (25 out of 26).
  • Significant improvements were observed in olfactory threshold, identification, and discrimination.
  • All patients demonstrated normal taste function in the whole mouth test.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory function shows substantial improvement in nearly all patients six months after COVID-19.
  • Further long-term studies are needed to determine if complete olfactory regeneration occurs in all cases.