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Alcohol Drinking, Apolipoprotein Polymorphisms and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases

Flavio M Ceci1, Mauro Ceccanti2, Carla Petrella3

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Current Neurovascular Research
|April 7, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Moderate alcohol consumption may lower atherosclerotic neuro-cardiovascular disease (ACVD) risk by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, heavy drinking and genetic factors like apolipoprotein E4 can increase ACVD risk, meaning moderate drinking benefits aren't universal.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Genetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Lipoprotein disorders are key risk factors for atherosclerotic neuro-cardiovascular disease (ACVD).
  • Lifestyle factors, particularly alcohol consumption, significantly influence ACVD risk.
  • Moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lower ACVD risk compared to abstinence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex relationship between alcohol consumption, lipid profiles, and ACVD risk.
  • To explore the influence of genetic polymorphisms on alcohol's impact on ACVD.
  • To determine if the protective effects of moderate drinking extend to all individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining alcohol intake, lipid serum profiles, and ACVD.
  • Analysis of genetic polymorphisms (Apolipoprotein E, Interleukin-6, CETP) in relation to alcohol consumption and ACVD risk.
  • Examination of ethanol's effects on lipid profiles and endothelial function.

Main Results:

  • Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to increased ACVD risk and adverse changes in lipid profiles.
  • Genetic factors, including Apolipoprotein E4, IL-6-174, and CETP TaqIB polymorphisms, may exacerbate ACVD risk in heavy drinkers.
  • The cardioprotective association of moderate drinking, mediated by HDL cholesterol, is not universally applicable due to genetic variations.

Conclusions:

  • While moderate alcohol intake may offer some cardiovascular protection, this benefit is not universal.
  • Genetic predispositions can modify the relationship between alcohol consumption and ACVD risk.
  • Heavy drinking poses a significant risk for ACVD, potentially amplified by specific genetic profiles.

Keywords:
Alcoholismadiponectin.apolipoprotein Eatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasegenetic polymorphism

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