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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
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'A bridge over troubled water': a case report.

Domenico D'Amario1, Michela Cammarano2, Rossella Quarta2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.

European Heart Journal. Case Reports
|April 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Myocardial bridging (MB), a common heart variant, can cause exertional chest pain. Invasive physiological tests like iFR and FFR are crucial for diagnosing MB-induced ischemia in young patients, guiding treatment decisions.

Keywords:
Case reportChest painFunctional intracoronary assessmentIschaemic heart diseaseMyocardial bridge

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Myocardial bridge (MB) is the most common congenital coronary artery anomaly.
  • Historically considered benign, MB can cause effort-related myocardial ischemia.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old female presented with activity-induced chest pain.
  • Coronary computed tomography revealed an MB on the left anterior descending artery.
  • Invasive physiological testing demonstrated significant ischemia during dobutamine stress.

Findings:

  • Baseline instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) was borderline (0.89).
  • Dobutamine infusion reduced iFR to 0.77 and fractional flow reserve (FFR) to 0.79, indicating significant ischemia.
  • Medical therapy with bisoprolol was initiated.

Implications:

  • Comprehensive non-invasive and invasive assessment is vital for young patients with MB and chest pain.
  • Coronary functional indices (iFR, FFR) effectively detect MB-related ischemia.
  • Accurate assessment guides appropriate medical or surgical therapeutic strategies.