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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

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Limbic encephalitis in a COVID-19 patient?

Luca Chiveri1, Elena Verrengia2, Francesco Muscia2

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A 79-year-old woman experienced a neurological confusional syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case highlights limbic system NMR changes in the absence of significant respiratory symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the respiratory system.
  • Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increasingly recognized, ranging from mild symptoms to severe encephalopathy.

Observation:

  • A 79-year-old female patient presented with a purely neurological confusional syndrome.
  • The patient was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Clinical examination revealed no significant respiratory disease.

Findings:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging revealed alterations within the limbic system.
  • The neurological symptoms were disproportionate to the lack of respiratory compromise.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to cause isolated neurological dysfunction.
  • Limbic system involvement may be a key feature in certain SARS-CoV-2 neurological presentations.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of neuroinvasion and the long-term neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2.