Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.2K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

3.7K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.7K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

373
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
373
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

1.4K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
1.4K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

12.9K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
12.9K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CGM Accuracy in a Fragmented Regulatory Landscape: A Commentary on Harmonisation and Recent Evidence.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Determinants of Infant Participation and Non-Participation in Primary Prevention Trials.

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme·2026
Same author

Genetic screening of children for familial hypercholesterolaemia: the VRONI study.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

Correction: Protection through early knowledge: clinical onset of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents with and without early T1D detection programmes.

BMC pediatrics·2026
Same author

An international consensus on screening and monitoring early-stage type 1 diabetes: A roadmap to European implementation.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

The Role of Parental Overreactivity and Laxness in Diabetes Outcomes Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Journal of diabetes research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
10:03

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.0K

[Type 1 diabetes: an update].

Olga Kordonouri1, Wolfgang Kerner2

  • 1Allgemeinpädiatrie, Diabetologie, Endokrinologie, Gastroenterologie und Klinische Forschung, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, Janusz-Korczak-Allee 12, 30173, Hannover, Deutschland. kordonouri@hka.de.

Der Internist
|April 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is rising, particularly in children, with delayed diagnosis leading to severe complications like diabetic ketoacidosis. Modern therapies aim to improve glucose control and prevent long-term issues.

Keywords:
AdultsCardiovascular riskChildrenImmune checkpoint inhibitorsInsulin pump systems

More Related Videos

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

17.0K
Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
10:03

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.0K
Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

17.0K
Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence has increased significantly over 30 years, especially in children and adolescents.
  • T1D development involves three stages, and delayed diagnosis can result in life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • Adult-onset diabetes is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes, highlighting diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of T1D incidence, diagnosis, and management across different age groups.
  • To emphasize the importance of modern therapeutic approaches for improving glycemic control and preventing complications.
  • To highlight the critical need for early detection and management of cardiovascular risk factors in young T1D patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological trends in T1D incidence.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges and common misclassifications.
  • Evaluation of current insulin therapy, including insulin pump therapy and continuous glucose monitoring.

Main Results:

  • T1D incidence is doubling every 20 years in pediatric populations, with a high rate of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis in Germany.
  • Insulin pump therapy and continuous glucose monitoring are increasingly used to enhance glycemic control (time in range 70-180 mg/dl) and reduce glycemic variability.
  • Treatment goals include achieving HbA1c below 7% and actively managing cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Effective T1D management requires timely diagnosis and appropriate insulin therapy, regardless of age.
  • Advanced technologies like insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring significantly improve outcomes for T1D patients.
  • Preventing long-term microvascular and cardiovascular complications is paramount for individuals with T1D, including young patients.