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O group is a protective factor for COVID19 in Basque population
Maider Muñoz-Culla1, Andres Roncancio-Clavijo2, Bruno Martínez3
1Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Multiple Sclerosis, San Sebastián, Spain.
Plos One
|April 7, 2021
Summary
People with blood group O may have a lower risk of COVID-19 infection. This study found blood group O to be protective, while A, B, and AB were risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Recent studies suggest a link between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection risk.
- To determine if specific blood groups confer protection or increase risk.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 412 COVID-19 patients and 17,796 blood donors from Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain.
- Statistical analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for different blood groups.
Main Results:
- Blood group O was identified as a significant protective factor against COVID-19 (OR = 0.59, CI95% 0.481-0.7177, p<0.0001).
- Blood groups A, B, and AB were associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection.
- A slight difference in ABO blood group distribution was observed between patients and donors.
Conclusions:
- ABO blood groups are significantly associated with COVID-19 infection risk.
- Blood group O appears to offer protection against the disease.
- Further replication in diverse populations with appropriate controls is recommended due to geographical variations in blood group frequencies.
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