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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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The "Great Debate" at Immunotherapy Bridge 2020, December 3rd, 2020.

Paolo A Ascierto1, Joshua Brody2, Lisa H Butterfield3

  • 1Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy. paolo.ascierto@gmail.com.

Journal of Translational Medicine
|April 8, 2021
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Summary

Leading experts debated key immunotherapy questions at the 2020 Immunotherapy Bridge congress. Discussions covered antitumoral vaccination, anti-programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand (L)1 blockade combinations, and innovative clinical trial designs.

Keywords:
Cancer vaccineCheckpoint inhibitorsClinical trialsImmunotherapyNivolumabOverall survivalPembrolizumabProgression-free survival

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • The 2020 Immunotherapy Bridge congress featured a Great Debate session.
  • Experts presented counterpoint views on critical clinical questions in immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize expert opinions on current immunotherapy treatment options and future directions.
  • To explore debates on antitumoral vaccination, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and innovative study designs.

Main Methods:

  • Experts presented arguments and counter-arguments on three distinct clinical questions.
  • Discussions focused on antitumoral vaccination, immunotherapy combinations, and study designs.

Main Results:

  • Debate 1: The role of antitumoral vaccination as a current treatment option.
  • Debate 2: Whether anti-programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand (L)1 blockade should be the standard for immunotherapy combinations.
  • Debate 3: The use of innovative study designs and surrogate endpoints in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • The article summarizes diverse expert perspectives on immunotherapy's evolving landscape.
  • It highlights ongoing discussions regarding treatment strategies and research methodologies.