Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
Published on: December 16, 2022
Dual Sensory Impairment and Cognitive Impairment in the Korean Longitudinal Elderly Cohort
Gihwan Byeon1, Gyu Han Oh1, Jin Hyeong Jhoo2
1From the Departments of Psychiatry (G.B., J.H.J.) and Neurology (J.-W.J.), Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon; Public Health Medical Service (G.H.O.) and Department of Neuropsychiatry (D.Y.L.), Seoul National University Hospital; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.B.B., J.W.H., K.W.K.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Psychiatry (T.H.K.), Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (K.P.K.), Dongguk University Gyeonju Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (B.J.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neuropsychiatry (S.G.K.), Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine (J.L.K.), Chungnam National University, Daejeon; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine (S.W.M., S.-H.R.), Konkuk University, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.H.P.), Jeju National University Hospital; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.C.Y.), Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin; Department of Neuropsychiatry (D.W.L.), Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul; Department of Psychiatry (S.B.L., J.J.L.), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan; and Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine (D.Y.L., K.W.K.), and Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, College of Natural Sciences (K.W.K.), Seoul, Korea.
Objective:
To investigate the effects of single sensory impairment (SSI; visual or auditory) or dual sensory impairment (DSI; visual and auditory) on dementia and longitudinal changes of neuropsychological test scores.
Methods:
In this nationwide, prospective, community-based elderly cohort study, KLOSCAD (the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia), 6,520 elderly individuals (58-101 years) representing the general population were included. We defined visual and auditory sensory impairment via self-report questionnaire: 932 had normal sensory function, 2,957 had an SSI, and 2,631 had a DSI. Demographic and clinical variables including cognitive outcomes were evaluated every 2 years over 6 years. Through logistic regression, Cox regression, and linear mixed model analysis, the relationship between SSI or DSI and dementia prevalence, dementia incidence, and change in neuropsychological scores were evaluated.
Results:
At baseline, DSI was significantly associated with increased dementia prevalence compared to normal sensory function (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-4.02), but SSI was not (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.66-2.41). During the 6-year follow-up, the incidence of dementia was significantly higher in the DSI group than in the normal sensory function group (hazard ratio 1.9, 95% CI 1.04-3.46) and neuropsychological scores significantly decreased (β -0.87, 95% CI [-1.17 to -0.58]).
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that coexisting visual and hearing impairments facilitate dementia prevalence, dementia incidence, and cognitive decline, but visual or hearing impairment alone do not. Visual and hearing impairment may lead to dementia or cognitive decline independent of Alzheimer pathology.
Related Concept Videos
Cognitive Development During Adulthood
Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition
Intellectual Disability

