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Roseola Infantum During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hacer Aktürk1, Mihrimah S Bağci2, Murat H Yiğit2

  • 1Departments of Pediatric Infection.

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Roseola infantum, a common childhood illness, should be considered in febrile infants, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Testing confirmed Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) as the cause, not SARS-CoV-2.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Roseola infantum is a common viral illness in young children, often presenting with fever.
  • During the COVID-19 pandemic, differentiating febrile illnesses in children became crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) in pediatric cases presenting with fever and leukopenia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To differentiate Roseola infantum from COVID-19 in young patients.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis of Roseola infantum was made in 7 patients.
  • Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) blood tests were performed on 4 patients.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing was conducted for all patients.

Main Results:

  • All 4 patients tested for HHV-6 PCR were positive.
  • Leukopenia was a consistent laboratory finding in all patients.
  • All patients tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions:

  • Roseola infantum should remain in the differential diagnosis for febrile infants, even during a pandemic.
  • HHV-6 infection is a significant cause of fever and leukopenia in young children.
  • Distinguishing HHV-6 from other viral infections like COVID-19 is essential for appropriate patient management.

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