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Negative versus positive priming: When are distractors inhibited?

Stefan Van der Stigchel1, Martijn Meeter2

  • 1Utrecht University, Netherlands.

Journal of Eye Movement Research
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Intertrial priming in visual search influences attention. This study reveals that negative priming, unlike positive priming, requires multiple distractors, suggesting distractor inhibition or adaptation mechanisms.

Keywords:
Intertrial primingnegative primingpositive primingsaccadesvisual search

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual attention is influenced by prior selections (intertrial priming).
  • The mechanisms behind intertrial priming (target enhancement vs. distractor suppression) remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between target signal strengthening and distractor signal suppression as causes of intertrial priming in visual search.
  • To investigate the role of distractor number in modulating priming effects.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments examined saccade endpoint deviations in visual search tasks.
  • Target and distractor proximity was manipulated.
  • Both relevant and irrelevant features were tested.

Main Results:

  • Both positive and negative priming effects were observed, regardless of feature relevance.
  • Negative priming was contingent on the presence of multiple distractors.
  • Findings contrast with previous research suggesting priming is solely target-based.

Conclusions:

  • The number of distractors is critical for observing negative priming.
  • Negative priming may arise from strong distractor inhibition or adaptation when distractors are numerous.
  • Positive priming appears robust, while negative priming is context-dependent on distractor quantity.