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Eye Movement Parameters for Performance Evaluation in Projection-based Stereoscopic Display.

Chiuhsiang Joe Lin1, Yogi Tri Prasetyo1, Retno Widyaningrum2

  • 1Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.

Journal of Eye Movement Research
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed how index of difficulty (ID) and parallax influence eye movement metrics like eye gaze movement time (EMT) and fixation duration (FD). Lowering parallax and adjusting ID can improve eye gaze accuracy in stereoscopic displays.

Keywords:
Structural equation modelingeye movementeye movement parameterseye trackingmediator effectparallaxstereoscopicvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Virtual Reality
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Understanding factors affecting user performance in stereoscopic displays is crucial for VR development.
  • Eye movement parameters provide insights into user interaction and cognitive load.
  • Previous research has explored individual factors, but a simultaneous analysis of difficulty and parallax on multiple eye movement metrics is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simultaneously analyze the relationships between index of difficulty (ID) and parallax with eye gaze movement time (EMT), fixation duration (FD), time to first fixation (TFF), number of fixation (NF), and eye gaze accuracy (AC).
  • To determine the direct and indirect effects of ID and parallax on these eye movement parameters.
  • To provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing human-virtual-reality interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the complex relationships.
  • Data were collected from 10 participants performing a multi-directional tapping task in a projection-based stereoscopic display.
  • Eye gaze data (EMT, FD, TFF, NF, AC) were recorded using a Tobii eye tracker system under varying levels of parallax and ID.

Main Results:

  • Index of difficulty (ID) had significant direct effects on EMT, NF, and FD, and an indirect effect on NF, but was not a strong predictor of AC.
  • Parallax significantly affected EMT, NF, FD, TFF, and AC directly, with additional indirect effects on NF and AC.
  • Fixation duration (FD) and time to first fixation (TFF) showed significant indirect effects on eye gaze accuracy (AC).

Conclusions:

  • Higher eye gaze accuracy is associated with lower parallax, longer eye gaze movement time, increased number of fixations, longer fixation duration, and longer time to first fixation.
  • SEM provides valuable insights into the interrelationships among eye movement parameters for VR researchers.
  • The findings can inform the design of human-virtual-reality interfaces to enhance user performance and accuracy.