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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Rapid evolution generates synergism between multiple stressors: Linking theory and an evolution experiment.

James A Orr1, Pepijn Luijckx1, Jean-François Arnoldi1,2

  • 1School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Global Change Biology
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adaptation to multiple global change stressors, like pollution and climate change, can shift interactions toward synergism. This occurs due to trade-offs, impacting ecosystem management strategies.

Keywords:
Brachionus calyciflorusadaptationantagonismcontemporary evolutionglobal change factorsmultiple driversstressor removalsynergismtrade-offs

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Global change involves multiple anthropogenic stressors with complex interactions (additive, antagonistic, synergistic).
  • Understanding how these stressor interactions change over time is crucial for effective ecosystem management.
  • Previous studies rarely examine temporal dynamics of stressor interactions across multiple generations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how adaptation to multiple stressors affects the nature of their interactions over time.
  • To explore the mechanistic basis for temporal shifts in stressor interactions.
  • To assess the role of evolutionary trade-offs in shaping stressor interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from a long-term evolution experiment using the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus.
  • Tracking approximately 35 generations and analyzing over 31,320 observations.
  • Examining fitness changes in evolved populations upon stressor removal.

Main Results:

  • Adaptation to multiple stressors shifted interactions towards synergism.
  • Evolutionary trade-offs, where populations struggle to optimize for multiple stressors, drove this synergistic bias.
  • Fitness did not necessarily increase upon stressor removal in evolved populations.
  • Significant variation observed in evolutionary trajectories among populations under identical stressor regimes.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid adaptation and evolutionary trade-offs are critical factors influencing multiple-stressor interactions under global change.
  • Ecosystem management and restoration must consider the dynamic and adaptive nature of populations facing multiple stressors.
  • Future research should integrate evolutionary principles into global change biology.