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Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies
Julien D Périard1, Thijs M H Eijsvogels2, Hein A M Daanen3
1University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, Australia.
Physiological Reviews
|April 8, 2021
Summary
Exercise in heat raises body temperature and causes dehydration. This review covers physiological responses, performance impacts, and countermeasures like heat acclimation and cooling to improve aerobic performance in hot conditions.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Environmental Medicine
- Human Performance
Background:
- Prolonged exercise in heat leads to increased body core temperature and water loss through sweating.
- Understanding thermoregulation and fluid balance is crucial for managing exercise in hot environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the human body's response to exercise-heat stress.
- To examine countermeasures for enhancing aerobic performance under heat stress.
- To discuss physiological mechanisms underlying performance impairment and fatigue.
Main Methods:
- Review of fundamental concepts in thermoregulation and fluid balance.
- Summary of methods for determining thermal strain and hydration status.
- Analysis of physiological disruptions caused by exercise-heat stress.
Main Results:
- Exercise-heat stress can lead to hyperthermia, hypohydration, sodium disturbances, and exertional heat illness.
- Heat stress impairs exercise performance through various physiological mechanisms.
- Hydration status significantly influences performance, with hemodynamic adjustments contributing to fatigue.
Conclusions:
- Strategies such as heat acclimation, cooling, and hyperhydration can mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on performance.
- Further research is needed to address contemporary controversies and explore future directions in exercise-heat stress management.
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