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Hypoxia and viral infectious diseases.
Richard Huang1, Melissa Huestis1, Esther Shuyi Gan2
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
JCI Insight
|April 8, 2021
Summary
Cells use oxygen-sensing mechanisms to adapt to low oxygen. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate this response, influencing viral infections and host immunity, offering potential therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Cellular biology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Cellular oxygen levels regulate vital adaptive responses through oxygen-sensing mechanisms.
- Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key mediator of cellular adaptation to low oxygen (hypoxia).
- HIF plays critical roles in both normal physiology and disease states, including viral infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on host-pathogen interactions involving the hypoxic response pathway.
- To elucidate the role of HIF in emerging viral infectious diseases.
- To discuss potential antiviral therapeutic strategies targeting the HIF signaling axis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on hypoxia, HIF, and viral infections.
- Analysis of host-pathogen interactions within the context of the hypoxic response.
- Exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting the HIF signaling pathway.
Main Results:
- Viruses manipulate HIF for replication and invasion.
- HIF influences host immune system development and antiviral responses.
- Emerging viral diseases are significantly impacted by HIF-mediated pathways.
Conclusions:
- The hypoxic response pathway and HIF are central to understanding viral pathogenesis.
- Targeting the HIF signaling axis presents a promising avenue for novel antiviral therapies.
- Further research into host-pathogen interactions involving hypoxia is crucial for developing effective treatments.
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