Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

41.3K
The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
41.3K
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

137
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
137
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

87.0K
Overview
87.0K
Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter01:26

Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter

4.7K
The accurate values of population parameters such as population proportion, population mean, and population standard deviation (or variance) are usually unknown. These are fixed values that can only be estimated from the data collected from the samples. The estimates of each of these parameters are sample proportion, the sample mean, and sample standard deviation (or variance). To obtain the values of these sample statistics, data are required that have particular distribution and central...
4.7K
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

75.0K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
75.0K
Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

13.9K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
13.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Non-coding Regulatory Variants in ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) Disrupt CTCF Domains and Shape Cell-Type-Specific Neurodevelopmental Landscapes Revealed by Single-Cell Analyses and Cortical Organoids.

Research square·2026
Same author

DNA tests for ancestry and phenotype inference applied to the UK Metropolitan Police Operation Minstead: The investigation of serial sex offender Delroy Grant.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Loss of PGC1α drives extracellular matrix remodelling in prostate cancer through CTHRC1.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Descriptive transcriptomic profiling differentiates oral leukoplakia from proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and reveals distinct molecular signatures.

Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal·2025
Same author

Alternative splicing analysis in a Spanish ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) cohort: in silico prediction and characterization.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Unraveling the three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture in Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs).

Neurogenetics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry
06:42

Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry

Published on: December 28, 2018

9.3K

Population structure and relatedness estimates in a Mexican sample.

V Colistro1, A Rojas-Martínez2, A Carracedo3,4

  • 1Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Annals of Human Genetics
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Population stratification in admixed populations can skew genetic studies. Analyzing relatedness in Mexican colorectal cancer cases revealed that ancestry influenced identity-by-descent estimates, highlighting the need for careful consideration of genetic background in genome-wide association studies.

Keywords:
admixed populations and population stratificationidentity-by-descent

More Related Videos

Gamete Collection and In Vitro Fertilization of Astyanax mexicanus
10:52

Gamete Collection and In Vitro Fertilization of Astyanax mexicanus

Published on: May 25, 2019

9.7K
Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus
06:36

Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus

Published on: February 14, 2021

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry
06:42

Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry

Published on: December 28, 2018

9.3K
Gamete Collection and In Vitro Fertilization of Astyanax mexicanus
10:52

Gamete Collection and In Vitro Fertilization of Astyanax mexicanus

Published on: May 25, 2019

9.7K
Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus
06:36

Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus

Published on: February 14, 2021

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Population Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Population stratification (PS) is a critical confounding factor in genome-wide association studies (GWASs).
  • Latin American populations exhibit complex genetic admixture, potentially leading to significant PS.
  • Understanding relatedness is crucial for accurate genetic analyses in admixed groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of population stratification on identity-by-descent (IBD) estimations in an admixed Mexican population.
  • To compare relatedness estimates derived from standard protocols versus methods designed for admixed populations.
  • To assess the influence of Native American ancestry on IBD calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of relatedness using identity-by-descent (IBD) estimations in 1805 individuals from a Mexican colorectal cancer case-control study.
  • Application of a standard quality control protocol for relatedness assessment.
  • Re-analysis using two distinct software tools specifically designed for admixed populations.
  • Examination of autosomal mutations (1,006,703) to infer genetic relationships.

Main Results:

  • A standard protocol suggested removing 402 related individuals.
  • Software for admixed populations estimated fewer related individuals (110 and 70).
  • The higher number of related individuals in the initial analysis was attributed to the varying Native American genetic contribution within the sample, acting as a confounding factor for IBD estimations.

Conclusions:

  • Population stratification significantly impacts relatedness estimations in admixed populations.
  • Standard relatedness analysis protocols may yield spurious results in genetically admixed samples.
  • Incorporating population stratification and genetic ancestry analysis is essential for robust GWAS and relatedness studies.