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Discriminating arboviral species.

Yiyuan Li1, Angela C O'Donnell1, Howard Ochman1

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.

The Journal of General Virology
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study proposes a new method for classifying mosquito-borne arboviruses based on genome recombination, improving species delineation. This approach supports existing classifications while identifying potential multiple biological species within named arboviruses.

Keywords:
biological species conceptgene flowmosquito-borne virusesrecombination

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Mosquito-borne arboviruses cause millions of infections annually.
  • Current arbovirus classification relies on varied criteria, leading to inconsistencies.
  • The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) uses a polyphasic approach for species-level classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a uniform principle, the Biological Species Concept (BSC), for defining arbovirus biological species.
  • To investigate the incidence of recombination within and among major arboviral groups.
  • To develop a consistent and accurate method for viral species delineation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a metric based on the ratio of homoplastic (recombinant) to non-homoplastic (vertically transmitted) sites.
  • Applied the Biological Species Concept (BSC) to arbovirus genome data.
  • Analyzed recombination patterns within and across major arboviral groups.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method supports many existing ICTV designations for arboviruses.
  • Identified several instances where a single named species may encompass multiple distinct biological species.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of the recombination-based metric for viral species delineation.

Conclusions:

  • A uniform, recombination-based approach enhances the accuracy and consistency of arbovirus species classification.
  • This metric provides a robust framework for understanding arboviral relatedness and evolutionary history.
  • The findings suggest a refined understanding of arbovirus diversity and speciation.