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The impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the paediatric

Elias Eythorsson1, Tinna L Ásgeirsdóttir2, Helga Erlendsdóttir1,3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Plos One
|April 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) significantly reduced pneumococcal infections in Iceland, including acute otitis media, pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal disease. The vaccine program proved cost-saving, demonstrating a positive return on investment within its first five years.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a spectrum of infections, from acute otitis media (AOM) to severe invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
  • Iceland introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) into its national immunization program in 2011.
  • Assessing the population-level impact and economic viability of new vaccine introductions is crucial for public health policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the population impact of the PHiD-CV10 vaccine on pneumococcal infections in Iceland.
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the PHiD-CV10 vaccine program over a defined period.
  • To analyze trends in AOM, pneumonia, and IPD following vaccine introduction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Bayesian time series analysis with synthetic controls to model disease incidence without the vaccine.
  • Analyzed population-based registry data for primary care visits (2005-2015) and hospitalizations (2005-2017).
  • Calculated prevented cases by comparing observed versus estimated disease occurrences and assessed program costs against savings from averted infections.

Main Results:

  • PHiD-CV10 introduction prevented an estimated 13,767 AOM visits (2013-2015) and 1,814 pneumonia hospitalizations (2013-2017).
  • Significant reductions were observed in IPD admissions (53 cases prevented) and overall rates for AOM, pneumonia, and IPD across various age groups.
  • The program was cost-saving, with an estimated return of $2.10 for every $1 spent, totaling -$7,463,176 USD over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • The PHiD-CV10 vaccine significantly decreased the burden of pneumococcal infections in Iceland.
  • The vaccine program demonstrated substantial public health benefits and was economically advantageous within its initial five years.
  • PHiD-CV10 introduction represents a successful public health intervention with positive clinical and economic outcomes.
Abstract

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