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Aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children in Shanghai, 2015-2018

Hailing Chang1, Jiayin Guo2, Zhongqiu Wei1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Plos One
|April 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Diarrhoea in children is often caused by enteric viruses like rotavirus and norovirus, and bacteria such as Nontypohoidal Salmonella. Prevention strategies, including rotavirus vaccination and food safety, are key to reducing childhood diarrhoea in Shanghai.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Diarrhoea is a significant global cause of illness and death in children.
  • Understanding the specific causes of acute diarrhoea in different regions is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and monitor the etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhoea in paediatric outpatients in Shanghai.
  • To identify the prevalence of common bacterial and viral pathogens causing childhood diarrhoea.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrolment of paediatric outpatients with acute diarrhoea from January 2015 to December 2018.
  • Collection and analysis of faecal samples using bacterial culture, serotyping, and real-time PCR for viral identification.
  • Identification of enteric bacteria and viruses, including specific strains and types.

Main Results:

  • Enteric pathogens were identified in 58.4% of 2692 children. Viruses (41.3%) were more prevalent than bacteria (25.0%).
  • The most common bacterial pathogen was Nontypohoidal Salmonella spp. (10.3%), followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (6.5%) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (6.2%).
  • Rotavirus (16.0%) and norovirus (15.5%) were the most frequently detected viruses, alongside adenovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus, norovirus, and Nontypohoidal Salmonella spp. are the primary pathogens causing acute diarrhoea in children in Shanghai.
  • Enhancing rotavirus vaccine coverage and improving foodborne pathogen prevention are essential strategies to decrease the burden of diarrhoeal disease.
  • Continued surveillance of enteric pathogens is vital for guiding public health policies and improving child health outcomes.

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