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Obesity and chronic kidney disease: prevalence, mechanism, and management

Hyung Eun Yim1, Kee Hwan Yoo2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.

Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
|April 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity is rising globally, increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early intervention and preventive strategies are crucial to combat obesity and its severe kidney-related health consequences.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern.
  • Obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Severe obesity in children and adolescents correlates with increased prevalence and incidence of early-stage kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the association between childhood obesity and chronic kidney disease.
  • To explore the mechanisms linking obesity to kidney disease.
  • To discuss potential interventions for obesity-related kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on childhood obesity and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on obesity and CKD prevalence.
  • Examination of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Obesity is linked to increased risk and progression of CKD in children and adolescents.
  • Children born to obese mothers face a higher risk of developing obesity and CKD.
  • Hemodynamic, metabolic, and lipid-related factors contribute to obesity-induced kidney damage.

Conclusions:

  • Weight management through lifestyle changes and medical interventions can help control obesity and related kidney disease.
  • Preventive strategies targeting the obesity epidemic are essential to mitigate the impact on kidney health.
  • Addressing childhood obesity is critical for reducing the long-term burden of CKD.

Keywords:
Fetal developmentIntergenerational relationsPediatric obesityProteinuriaRenal insufficiency

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