A novel approach to combatting proboscidean ivory trafficking using a multiplex High-Resolution Melt (M-HRM) assay

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Molecular Biology
• Wildlife Conservation

Background:

• Wildlife crimes, particularly ivory trafficking, pose a significant threat to proboscidean populations.
• Accurate identification of ivory origin is crucial for legal prosecution and conservation strategies.
• Existing methods for ivory identification can be time-consuming or require specialized expertise.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a multiplex High-Resolution Melt (M-HRM) assay for identifying four key proboscidean taxa.
• To provide a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective tool for wildlife forensic laboratories.
• To support efforts in prosecuting wildlife crimes related to ivory trade.

Main Methods:

• Development and validation of a multiplex High-Resolution Melt (M-HRM) assay.
• Targeting two specific mitochondrial DNA sites: 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and cytochrome b (Cytb) gene segments.
• Utilizing 550 blood, tissue, and ivory samples from Asian elephant, African elephant, mammoth, and mastodon.

Main Results:

• The M-HRM assay successfully generated unique composite melt profiles for each of the four proboscidean taxa.
• The assay targets specific 28-bp (16S rRNA) and 54-bp (Cytb) gene segments.
• Validated assay demonstrated sensitivity, speed, and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

• The developed M-HRM assay is a valuable tool for wildlife forensic laboratories.
• This assay can significantly aid in identifying ivory sources and prosecuting wildlife crimes.
• Implementing this assay can contribute to combating illegal ivory trade and protecting endangered species.