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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

8.3K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

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Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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A comparative study of functioning and non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Jiayin Qin1,2, Kai Li3, Xijuan Wang2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Xi Cheng District.

Medicine
|April 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functioning pituitary adenomas (FPAs) cause lighter visual field defects than non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), despite longer delays in FPA treatment. Tumor size impacts visual impairment in both pituitary tumor types.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Pituitary tumors frequently lead to visual impairment.
  • The impact of tumor type, specifically functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA) versus non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), on visual deficits is not well-established.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics and visual impairment in patients with FPA and NFPA.
  • To compare visual field defects and visual acuity between FPA and NFPA groups.
  • To analyze the correlation between tumor size and visual impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A case series study involving 73 pituitary adenoma patients.
  • Ophthalmic evaluations and retrospective medical record review.
  • Histological analysis for tumor typing, MRI for tumor diameter, and calculation of tumor volume.

Main Results:

  • NFPA patients experienced initial eye symptoms more frequently (41.9%) than FPA patients (23%).
  • FPA patients had better best-corrected visual acuity and lighter visual field defects compared to NFPA patients.
  • Tumor volume was smaller in the FPA group, and tumor size correlated with visual field mean deviation and sensitivity in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • Non-functioning pituitary adenomas are associated with more severe visual impairment than functioning pituitary adenomas.
  • Despite longer delays in treatment for FPAs, visual deficits are less pronounced.
  • Further research into visual field defects specific to FPA and NFPA is warranted.