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Updated: Nov 9, 2025
Author Spotlight: Employing Green-Chemistry Principles for Safe and Sustainable Synthesis of Biodiesels
Published on: April 19, 2024
Heterogeneous base catalysts: Synthesis and application for biodiesel production - A review
Mani Jayakumar1, Natchimuthu Karmegam2, Marttin Paulraj Gundupalli3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Abstract:
Recently, much research has been carried out to find a suitable catalyst for the transesterification process during biodiesel production where heterogeneous catalysts play a crucial role. As homogenous catalysts present drawbacks such as slow reaction rate, high-cost due to the use of food grade oils, problems associated with separation process, and environmental pollution, heterogenous catalysts are more preferred. Animal shells and bones are the biowastes suitably calcined for the synthesis of heterogenous base catalyst. The catalysts synthesized using organic wastes are environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. The present review is dedicated to synthesis of heterogeneous basic catalysts from the natural resources or biowastes in biodiesel production through transesterification of oils. Use of calcined catalysts for converting potential feedstocks (vegetable oils and animal fat) into biodiesel/FAME is effective and safe, and the yield could be improved over 98%. There is a vast scope for biowaste-derived catalysts in green production of biofuel.
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