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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
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Outcomes After Central Wedge Labiaplasty Performed Under General Versus Local Anesthesia.

Basil Nwaoz1, Catherine J Sinnott1, Annet Kuruvilla2

  • 1From the Long Island Plastic Surgical Group, Garden City, NY.

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|April 9, 2021
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Summary

Labiaplasty outcomes under general anesthesia are comparable to local anesthesia, with similar complication rates for asymmetry and wound dehiscence. Further research is recommended to fully assess these procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Female Genital Plastic Surgery
  • Anesthesia in Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Labiaplasty is increasingly sought for genital appearance enhancement.
  • Procedures can be done under local anesthesia in-office or general anesthesia.
  • Outcomes comparing anesthesia types for labiaplasty are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare outcomes of central wedge labiaplasty performed under general anesthesia versus local anesthesia.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 32 patients undergoing central wedge labiaplasty (2011-2019).
  • Data collected on demographics, clinical details, and operative information.
  • Outcomes assessed via postoperative complications and revision surgery rates.

Main Results:

  • 31.2% of labiaplasties used local anesthesia, 68.8% used general anesthesia.
  • Asymmetry and wound dehiscence were the most frequent complications.
  • Outcomes, including asymmetry (27.3% vs 10.0%), dehiscence (27.3% vs 40.0%), and revision rates (31.8% vs 40.0%), were comparable between anesthesia groups.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative asymmetry and dehiscence are common complications in labiaplasty.
  • General anesthesia labiaplasty outcomes are comparable to local anesthesia.
  • Additional studies are needed to further evaluate anesthesia's impact on labiaplasty outcomes.