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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Controlled sample environment for studying solid-gas interactions by in situ powder X-ray diffraction.

Paul Monceyron Røren¹, Kristoffer W B Hunvik¹, Vegard Josvanger¹

¹Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.

Journal of Applied Crystallography

|April 9, 2021

Summary

This study demonstrates a versatile sample cell for powder X-ray diffraction, enabling in situ pressure and temperature control for materials analysis. The portable design is suitable for various research settings, including synchrotron facilities.

Keywords:

powder diffraction pressure sample cell temperature

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Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

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$High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2$

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Crystallography
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a crucial technique for characterizing crystalline materials.
In situ studies under varying pressure and temperature conditions provide critical insights into material behavior and phase transitions.
Existing sample cells may have limitations in pressure range, temperature control, or portability.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel sample cell for powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies.
To enable simultaneous in situ application of pressure and precise temperature control.
To develop a portable system adaptable for both laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

Main Methods:

The sample cell utilizes a glass or quartz capillary housed within a Swagelok weld gland, capable of withstanding pressures up to 100 bar.
Temperature control is achieved via a copper plate in contact with the sample, regulated between -30°C and 200°C using Peltier elements, heat cartridges, and a circulating bath.
The system was commissioned using a custom-made small/wide-angle X-ray diffractometer.

Main Results:

The developed sample cell successfully integrates in situ pressure application and precise temperature control for PXRD.
The temperature control system demonstrated reliable performance within the specified range (-30°C to 200°C).
Commissioning tests confirmed the functionality and performance of the cell on a laboratory diffractometer.

Conclusions:

The demonstrated sample cell offers a robust and versatile platform for in situ PXRD studies under combined pressure and temperature.
The system's portability and adaptability make it suitable for diverse research environments, including synchrotron radiation sources.
This development facilitates advanced materials characterization and the investigation of pressure- and temperature-dependent phenomena.