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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Forensic Microbiome Database: A Tool for Forensic Geolocation Meta-Analysis Using Publicly Available 16S rRNA

Harinder Singh1, Thomas Clarke1, Lauren Brinkac2

  • 1J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The Forensic Microbiome Database (FMD) standardizes human microbiome data for forensic analysis. This resource enables geolocation prediction and exploration of microbial signatures for identification purposes.

Keywords:
16S rRNAdatabaseforensicgeolocationmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Microbiology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The human microbiome offers potential for forensic investigations, but fragmented data hinders progress.
  • Standardized datasets and analysis tools are crucial for implementing microbiome-based forensic methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Forensic Microbiome Database (FMD) for standardizing microbiome data.
  • To develop a web-based platform for exploring geolocation signals within the FMD.
  • To facilitate the use of microbiome data for forensic identification and location prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Collected and curated 16S rRNA data and metadata from publicly available sources.
  • Developed a data processing pipeline for normalization and standardization.
  • Created a website for interactive exploration of geolocation signals and taxonomic differences.

Main Results:

  • The FMD provides a standardized dataset for downstream analysis.
  • The website enables users to investigate taxonomic variations across locations.
  • Users can predict the geolocation of samples based on FMD sequence data.

Conclusions:

  • The FMD and its associated website offer valuable tools for forensic science.
  • This initiative aims to advance the application of microbiome analysis in forensic investigations.
  • The FMD serves as a model for future microbiome database development.