Regulation of the Nurse Practitioner Workforce: Implications for Care Across Settings

The current shortage of physicians in the United States has potential to dramatically limit access to healthcare. Nurse practitioners (NPs) can provide a cost-effective solution to the shortage, yet few states allow NPs to practice independently.

The purpose of this study was to provide an up-to-date description of the NP workforce and to identify the professional and organizational factors associated with NP care quality.

Cross-sectional survey data from a sample of NPs actively employed in four states with reduced or restricted practice (California, Florida, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania) was used. NPs were categorized into acute and primary care. Regression models were fit to estimate the odds of three measures of care quality: overall quality of patient care, NP confidence that patients and their caregivers can manage their care at home, and whether NPs would recommend their practice facility to family and friends.

Receiving support from administrative staff and physicians was associated with an increase in the three measures of quality. The greatest effects were seen in primary care settings.

It is imperative that legislators and healthcare administrators implement policies that provide NPs with an environment that supports clinical practice and enhances care delivery.