Ammonia emissions and dispersion from broiler production
Lowry A Harper1, Casey W Ritz2, Thomas K Flesch3
1Harper Consulting Co., P.O. Box 772, Watkinsville, GA, 30677, USA.
Journal of Environmental Quality
|April 9, 2021
Summary
Ammonia (NH3) emissions from broiler poultry operations vary seasonally, especially in the eastern US. Ambient humidity and litter management are key factors influencing these emissions, not just location or density.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Agricultural Science
- Animal Science
Background:
- Ammonia (NH3) emissions from poultry operations are a frequent cause of nuisance complaints, impacting rural development.
- Conflicting data exists regarding NH3 emission rates from broiler production across the United States.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare seasonal NH3 emission rates from a Georgia broiler operation.
- To compare these rates with data from other geographical areas in the US.
Main Methods:
- Field measurements of NH3 emissions from a broiler operation.
- Seasonal data collection.
- Geographical comparison with existing US data.
Main Results:
- Significant seasonal variation in NH3 emissions was observed for eastern US sites.
- Minimal seasonal variation in NH3 emissions was found in the semi-arid US region.
- Differences in management practices, temperature, or animal density did not fully explain regional emission variations.
Conclusions:
- Ambient humidity and litter management practices are critical factors influencing NH3 generation in broiler operations.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for mitigating NH3 emissions and addressing rural development conflicts.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference
427
In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
427
02:24Comparative Excretory Systems
25.6K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
25.6K
01:20Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
10.3K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
10.3K
01:30Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines
3.9K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
3.9K
01:202° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
4.8K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.8K
01:15Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs
419
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
419