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Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, allergy and lung function development until early adulthood: A systematic
Hans Jacob L Koefoed1,2, Annelies M Zwitserloot1,2, Judith M Vonk2,3
1Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Summary
Lung function deficits begin in early childhood, linked to asthma and allergies. Early intervention in at-risk children can prevent long-term lung problems.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Pediatric Respiratory Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Lung function deficits' developmental timing and risk factors remain unclear.
- Investigating associations between asthma, bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), and allergic comorbidity with lung function development from birth to early adulthood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review temporal associations of asthma, BHR, and allergic comorbidity with lung function development.
- To understand how these factors impact large and small airway growth from birth until peak function.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases.
- Included studies published before January 1, 2020, focusing on risk factors and lung function measurements.
- Analyzed cohorts and clinical trials reporting lung function from birth to age 21-26.
Main Results:
- Early-life asthma, wheezing, BHR, and allergic sensitization correlated with reduced lung function growth in both large and small airways during childhood.
- Lung function in individuals with asthma or persistent wheeze continued to grow post-childhood, albeit at a slower rate, tracking parallel to unaffected individuals until peak function.
Conclusions:
- Lung function growth deficits emerge in early childhood.
- Children with asthma, BHR, and early-life IgE sensitization are at risk for impaired lung development.
- Early childhood represents a critical window for identifying at-risk individuals and initiating treatments to prevent long-term lung sequelae.
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