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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

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Entrustable professional activity assessment tool for clinical procedures: A psychometric study.

Siew Tiang Lau1, Emily Ang1, Shefaly Shorey1

  • 1Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Journal of Clinical Nursing
|April 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The Entrustable Professional Activities for Clinical Procedures (EPA-CP) assessment tool is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating healthcare students’ clinical skills. This tool aids in precise assessment within dynamic clinical settings.

Keywords:
assessment toolclinicalcompetencyentrustable professional activitieshealthcarenursingprocedurespsychometricreliabilityvalidity

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Professional Training
  • Psychometric Assessment

Background:

  • Assessing student proficiency in clinical procedures is vital for patient safety and effective healthcare education.
  • The Entrustable Professional Activities for Clinical Procedures (EPA-CP) tool requires further psychometric validation for use by clinical trainers and students.
  • Work-based assessments rely on evaluating professional activities and entrustment levels to guide supervision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of the six-item EPA-CP assessment tool.
  • To determine the reliability and validity of the EPA-CP tool for assessing clinical procedures.
  • To confirm the suitability of the EPA-CP tool for use by both clinical trainers and students.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • Student self-assessments (n=302) and supervisor ratings (n=266) were collected for the EPA-CP tool.
  • Reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and validity (convergent, known-groups, structural) were analyzed using factor analyses.

Main Results:

  • The EPA-CP tool demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
  • Satisfactory convergent validity and significant known-group differences were observed.
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the tool's construct and factorial structure.

Conclusions:

  • The EPA-CP assessment tool is a valid, reliable, and user-friendly instrument for evaluating healthcare students' clinical procedure capabilities.
  • This tool facilitates precise assessment of learners in demanding clinical environments.
  • The EPA-CP assessment shows promise for effective use in healthcare settings to entrust students with tasks.