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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Electrical Conductivity

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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
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Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates
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Electricity-Driven Post-Functionalization of Conducting Polymers.

Tomoyuki Kurioka1, Shinsuke Inagi1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|April 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical post-functionalization of conducting polymers (CPs) allows precise control over material properties. This method utilizes electrochemical polymer reactions (ePR) to modify CP structures and tune their electronic and optical characteristics.

Keywords:
conducting polymerelectrochemical dopingelectrosynthesispost-functionalization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Electrochemical doping of conducting polymers (CPs) generates polarons and bipolarons.
  • These ionic species act as reactive intermediates in electrochemical polymer reactions (ePR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in the electrochemical post-functionalization of CPs.
  • To focus on reaction design for ePR, including precursor polymer characteristics, functional groups, and reaction conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical doping and post-functionalization techniques.
  • Control of reaction degree via power supply and electrode potential.
  • Analysis of precursor polymer structure and functional groups.

Main Results:

  • Electrochemical post-functionalization enables fine-tuning of CP properties like HOMO/LUMO levels and photoluminescence (PL).
  • Control over reaction extent is achieved by managing electrical parameters.
  • The study highlights efficient reaction conditions and electrolytic methodologies.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical post-functionalization offers a versatile route for tailoring CP properties.
  • Understanding ePR mechanisms is crucial for designing functionalized CPs.
  • This approach provides precise control over material characteristics for diverse applications.