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Inflammatory and Prothrombotic Biomarkers Associated With the Severity of COVID-19 Infection

Sandra Lopez-Castaneda1,2, Nallely García-Larragoiti1, Alan Cano-Mendez1

  • 1Laboratory of Hemostasis and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical and Biological Sciences "Dr Ignacio Chávez," Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis : Official Journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
|April 9, 2021
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 patients show elevated inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers, indicating a poor prognosis. Biomarker levels, including D-dimer and PAI-1, were significantly higher in severe and deceased cases, correlating with disease severity.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • COVID-19 hospitalization is linked to high rates of inflammatory and coagulation biomarker alterations.
  • Comorbidities often exacerbate COVID-19 complications.
  • Understanding these biomarkers is crucial for prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate inflammatory and procoagulant biomarkers in Mexican COVID-19 patients.
  • To correlate biomarker levels with disease severity and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples collected within 48h of admission from 119 COVID-19 patients and 20 healthy donors.
  • Patients classified into non-severe, severe, and deceased groups based on oxygen demand and clinical evolution.
  • Analysis of biomarkers including D-dimer, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, PAI-1, P-selectin, and VWF.

Main Results:

  • Significantly elevated D-dimer and PAI-1 in severe COVID-19 patients (P < 0.0001).
  • Interleukin-6, PAI-1, and P-selectin differed significantly between non-severe/healthy and severe/deceased groups (P < 0.001).
  • VWF levels were higher in severe patients (153.5 ± 24.3 UI/dl) vs. non-severe (133.9 ± 20.2 UI/dl) (P < 0.0001).
  • Elevated WBC and glucose levels observed in severe COVID-19.
  • All prothrombotic biomarkers higher in patients with fatal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory and procoagulant biomarkers are significantly altered in severe and fatal COVID-19 cases.
  • These biomarkers correlate with disease severity and prognosis.
  • Findings highlight the role of inflammation and coagulation in severe COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19D dimerP-selectinPAI-1immunothrombosisinterleukin 6interleukin 8von Willebrand factor

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