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    A new high-speed frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (FD-DOS) instrument enables real-time in vivo chromophore concentration measurements. This advancement addresses limitations in speed and user feedback for improved clinical translation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Medical Imaging Technology
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (FD-DOS) is a non-invasive technique for measuring in vivo tissue chromophore concentrations.
    • Previous FD-DOS applications include monitoring breast cancer chemotherapy response.
    • Clinical translation is hindered by slow acquisition speeds and limited user feedback.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel, high-speed FD-DOS instrument for rapid, large-volume tissue imaging.
    • To overcome existing limitations in FD-DOS acquisition speed and user interaction.
    • To enable real-time feedback during tissue surface measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of 3D monocular probe tracking with custom digital FD-DOS hardware.
    • Implementation of a high-speed data processing pipeline.
    • Utilizing a probabilistic Monte Carlo light propagation model for real-time visualization during scanning.

    Main Results:

    • The instrument achieves absorption and scattering coefficient measurements with 7% and 1% error, respectively.
    • Demonstrated positional accuracy of 0.7 mm.
    • Validated visualization methodology against standard interpolation and presented in vivo forearm vasculature and breast contrast imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed FD-DOS system computes chromophore concentrations in real-time (1.5 Hz) in vivo.
    • This technology has the potential to enhance FD-DOS scan quality and reduce measurement times.
    • The system offers improved clinical applicability for various medical applications.