Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

Plasticity

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...

Neural Circuits

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...

Multicompartment Models: Overview

Multicompartment Models: Overview

Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Auricular Ultrasonic Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Effectiveness of Blinding and the Occurrence of Adverse Effects in People with Tinnitus.

Brain sciences·2026

Same author

Resting-state functional connectome correlates of suicide attempt history and childhood trauma in major depressive disorder.

Journal of affective disorders·2026

Same author

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Emotional Bias Toward Happiness in Healthy Young Adults: A Comparative Study of Electric and Ultrasound Stimulation.

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society·2026

Same author

Transcranial focused ultrasound for emotion regulation: A systematic review and quantitative summary of human studies.

Journal of affective disorders·2026

Same author

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation enhances semantic memory by modulating brain morphology, neurochemistry and neural dynamics.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Methods of Computational Modelling in Studies of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Adults to Inform Protocols for Tinnitus Treatment: A Scoping Review.

Brain sciences·2026

Same journal

Investigating the Neural Origins of Ear-EEG: A Correlation Study Using Scalp EEG Source Reconstruction.

NeuroImage·2026

Same journal

Hysteresis effects in visual and auditory perception and the comparison of underlying neural mechanisms - an EEG study.

NeuroImage·2026

Same journal

Short-term audio-tactile training affects cortical auditory speech-envelope tracking for incongruent but not congruent stimuli.

NeuroImage·2026

Same journal

Dissociable Neurocognitive Mechanisms of State and Trait Anxiety in Working Memory: Threat-Induced Alterations in Decision Dynamics and Attenuation of Large-Scale Network Reconfiguration.

NeuroImage·2026

Same journal

Neuro-Ocular Amyloid Characterization in Alzheimer's Disease via Cross-Site PET-MRI and Hierarchical Cross-Attention Driven Multimodal Representation Learning.

NeuroImage·2026

Same journal

Whole-brain network dynamics underlying intolerance of uncertainty.

NeuroImage·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

Understanding neural flexibility from a multifaceted definition.

Dazhi Yin¹, Marcus Kaiser²

¹Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.

|April 9, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new, multifaceted definition of neural flexibility, considering cognitive engagement, connectivity, and dynamic brain activity. This approach aims to unify understanding of intrinsic and task-driven brain functions for a more complete picture of brain flexibility.

Keywords:

Brain dynamics Brain function Flexible regions Hubs Neural flexibility Probabilistic view

More Related Videos

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Human intelligence is characterized by flexibility.
Current neural flexibility measurements are limited, often focusing on isolated brain regions or activity types.
Existing definitions fail to capture the complexity of neural processing beyond intrinsic/task-driven states.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a multifaceted definition of neural flexibility.
To integrate intrinsic and task-evoked brain activity within a unified framework.
To advance the understanding of brain flexibility and its measurement.

Main Methods:

Reviewing computational approaches for assessing neural flexibility.
Defining key features: broad cognitive engagement, distributed connectivity, and adaptive connectome dynamics.
Suggesting metrics for regional flexibility ratings and presenting a probabilistic view of brain function.

Main Results:

A novel, multifaceted definition of neural flexibility is presented.
Computational approaches, their relevance, and limitations are critically examined.
Proposed metrics offer a way to quantify regional flexibility.

Conclusions:

The proposed definition offers a more comprehensive understanding of neural flexibility.
This framework can bridge the gap between intrinsic and task-driven brain dynamics.
Future research directions for neural flexibility are highlighted.