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A forensic case study for body fluid identification using DNA methylation analysis
Chong Min Choung1, Jee Won Lee1, Ji Hye Park1
1Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10, Ipchun-ro, Wonju si., Gangwon-do 26460, Republic of Korea.
Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|April 9, 2021
Summary
A new DNA methylation method accurately identifies body fluids in forensic samples. This technique is particularly useful for distinguishing vaginal secretions from menstrual blood, where traditional tests are lacking.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- A novel method utilizing DNA methylation has emerged for body fluid identification.
- An established multiplex assay with 9 CpG markers can distinguish semen, blood, saliva, menstrual blood, and vaginal fluid.
Purpose of the Study:
- To validate the efficacy of the DNA methylation-based body fluid identification technique.
- To assess the method's utility in forensic casework, particularly for challenging sample types.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of a previously described body fluid identification method employing single base extension (SBE).
- Application of DNA methylation analysis to 22 forensic samples from 18 cases.
- Comparison of DNA methylation profiles with conventional preliminary tests like acid phosphatase (AP) and leucomalachite green (LMG).
Main Results:
- The DNA methylation method was applied to samples including semen, blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, and menstrual blood.
- Identified DNA methylation profiles were largely consistent with preliminary test results, with one exception.
- The method demonstrated high utility in differentiating vaginal secretions from menstrual blood.
Conclusions:
- The DNA methylation profiling technique is a valuable tool for forensic body fluid identification.
- This method offers a significant advantage for distinguishing between vaginal secretions and menstrual blood, overcoming limitations of current preliminary tests.
