DNA damage response and repair in osteosarcoma: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone cancer in children and adolescents.
• Advanced-stage OS has a poor survival rate (20%) and often exhibits resistance to conventional therapies.
• DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are essential cellular processes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, aging, and cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the role of DNA damage response (DDR) components in osteosarcoma.
• To explore the involvement of DDR in OS initiation, progression, and patient prognosis.
• To assess the potential of DDR inhibitors as therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and evidence synthesis.
• Analysis of existing research on DDR pathways in cancer.
• Focus on studies investigating DDR in osteosarcoma.

Main Results:

• DDR pathways are implicated in the fundamental processes of osteosarcoma.
• Dysregulation of DDR mechanisms may contribute to OS initiation and progression.
• DDR inhibitors show promise in enhancing the efficacy of chemo- and radiotherapy for OS.

Conclusions:

• DNA damage response (DDR) plays a significant role in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
• Targeting DDR pathways presents a promising avenue for novel osteosarcoma treatments.
• Further research into DDR inhibitors could improve outcomes for osteosarcoma patients.