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Poplar protease inhibitor expression differs in an herbivore specific manner.

Franziska Eberl1, Thomas Fabisch2, Katrin Luck2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI-CE), Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. feberl@ice.mpg.de.

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Black poplar (P. nigra) upregulates Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (KTIs) in response to herbivory. Beetle herbivory induced higher KTI expression than caterpillar herbivory, suggesting species-specific plant defense responses.

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ColeopteraInduced defensesKunitz-type trypsin inhibitors; herbivore specificity; woody plants; tree defensesLepidopteraProteinase inhibitorsSalicaceae

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Chemical ecology
  • Plant-insect interactions

Background:

  • Plant defense proteins, protease inhibitors, limit herbivore nutrient uptake.
  • Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (KTIs) are a well-studied class found in various plants, including Populus species.
  • Poplar trees face diverse herbivores, yet defense specificity is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate KTI induction in black poplar (P. nigra) leaves.
  • Compare KTI responses to three distinct chewing herbivores: two caterpillars (Lymantria dispar, Amata mogadorensis) and one beetle (Phratora vulgatissima).

Main Methods:

  • Identified and sequenced 17 KTI full-length cDNA sequences upregulated by herbivory.
  • Analyzed expression patterns of eight highly upregulated KTIs using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
  • Assessed trypsin-inhibiting activity in damaged leaf tissues.

Main Results:

  • Beetle herbivory induced higher KTI transcriptional levels than caterpillar herbivory.
  • Both caterpillar species elicited similar KTI expression levels.
  • KTI expression correlated with trypsin-inhibiting activity, independent of leaf area loss for most genes.

Conclusions:

  • KTI induction in black poplar is transcriptionally regulated and threshold-based.
  • Herbivore species identity significantly influences KTI induction patterns.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and ecological implications.