Development and Validity Testing of a Type 1 Diabetes Resource for 10-19-Years Old Adolescents in China

This phase 1 study aimed to develop a Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) educational resource for adolescents (10-19 years) in China, and to test its validity for improving diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence.

This phase 1 study was carried out in four phases: preliminary development of the Type 1 diabetes educational resource in English based on the health belief model (HBM) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Consensus Guidelines 2014; translation of the resource into Chinese; readability testing of the resource; and face and content validity testing for scientific and clinical accuracy.

Type 1 diabetes educational resource with 17 "topics" in four sections was developed for 10-19-years old adolescents in China. Cartoon story, images, stories, questions & answers, and quizzes were used to attract adolescents' interest. Furthermore, the educational resource was confirmed to be understandable among adolescents, clinically accurate, and consistent with its purpose.

This resource with good readability and content validity is a potential facilitator for diabetes education and self-management in adolescents with T1DM in China.

This type 1 diabetes resource can be used to educate adolescents with T1DM as a validated resource after further testing in an effectiveness study.