Multiple independent recombinations led to hermaphroditism in grapevine
Cheng Zou1, Mélanie Massonnet2, Andrea Minio2
1Biotechnology Resource Center Bioinformatics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; cz355@cornell.edu qisun@cornell.edu jason.londo@usda.gov.
Summary
Wild grapevines are dioecious, but domestication favored hermaphroditic flowers for higher yields. This study identified sex-determining regions and found conserved boundaries across the Vitis genus, revealing insights into grapevine evolution.
Area of Science:
- Plant genetics
- Evolutionary biology
- Agricultural science
Background:
- Hermaphroditic flowers in domesticated grapevines (Vitis vinifera) significantly increased yields via self-pollination.
- Wild Vitis species are dioecious, possessing either male or female flowers exclusively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and confirm the boundaries of the sex-determining region (SDR) in wild Vitis cinerea.
- To investigate the conservation of the SDR across the Vitis genus.
- To explore the evolutionary history of hermaphroditism in cultivated grapevines.
Main Methods:
- Identified male (M) and female (f) haplotypes of the SDR in Vitis cinerea.
- Analyzed shotgun resequencing data from 556 wild and domesticated Vitis accessions.
- Sequenced genomes of 'Riesling' and 'Chardonnay' cultivars to examine H2 haplotypes.
Main Results:
- The SDR and its boundaries are conserved across the Vitis genus.
- High linkage disequilibrium observed at the SDR in wild species.
- Two distinct hermaphrodite (H) haplotypes (H1 and H2) identified in cultivated grapevines, with H1 and H2 diverging approximately 6 million years ago.
Conclusions:
- Recombination suppression plays a crucial role in maintaining dioecy in wild grape species.
- Evidence suggests at least two independent recombination events contributed to the evolution of hermaphroditism in cultivated grapevines.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:43Incomplete Dominance
28.6K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
28.6K
02:03Law of Independent Assortment
60.2K
While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
60.2K
02:27Trihybrid Crosses
24.5K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
24.5K
01:18Dihybrid Crosses
78.6K
Overview
78.6K
01:20Monohybrid Crosses
235.3K
Overview
235.3K
01:49Law of Segregation
74.8K
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
74.8K