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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.2K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.0K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.0K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

2.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
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Floquet-enhanced spin swaps.

Haifeng Qiao1, Yadav P Kandel1, John S Van Dyke2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

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Researchers improved quantum information transfer using interactions and disorder in quantum dots. This method enhances spin-eigenstate swaps, boosting quantum gate quality for quantum computing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Quantum information transfer is crucial for quantum communication and computation.
  • High qubit connectivity is vital for efficient quantum algorithms, error correction, and readout.
  • Quantum gate operations, like information transfer, are susceptible to errors from spurious interactions and disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance swap operations for spin eigenstates in semiconductor gate-defined quantum-dot spins.
  • To investigate the role of qubit interactions and disorder in improving quantum gate fidelity.
  • To explore the application of non-equilibrium quantum phenomena in quantum information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a system of four electron spins configured as two exchange-coupled singlet-triplet qubits.
  • Harnessed inherent interactions and disorder within the qubit system.
  • Leveraged principles from discrete time crystal physics to optimize operations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved up to an order of magnitude enhancement in the quality factor of spin-eigenstate swaps.
  • Demonstrated that interactions and disorder can stabilize non-trivial quantum operations.
  • Confirmed the emergence of effective Ising interactions between exchange-coupled singlet-triplet qubits.

Conclusions:

  • Interactions and disorder can be controllably used to improve quantum gate performance.
  • Non-equilibrium quantum phenomena, such as time crystals, offer potential for advancing quantum information processing.
  • The study validates theoretical predictions regarding effective Ising interactions in multi-qubit systems.