Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 9, 2025
07:56
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
17.9K
Reference values for bone metabolism in a Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic elderly resident
Ryosuke Tokida1, Masashi Uehara1, Masaki Nakano1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
Scientific Reports
|April 10, 2021
Summary
This study establishes reference values for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in older adults. Hip BMD declines with age, but lumbar spine BMD does not; TRACP-5b is a potential marker for low BMD in women.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Orthopedics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Establishing reference values for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers is crucial for assessing bone health in the elderly population.
- Age-related changes in bone metabolism and density can increase fracture risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide definitive reference values for BMD and various bone turnover markers in a general elderly population aged 50-89.
- To investigate age and gender-specific changes in BMD and bone markers.
- To identify associations between low BMD and bone turnover markers.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional survey of 411 individuals aged 50-89, randomly sampled from Obuse town.
- Bone mineral density (BMD) measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
- Bone turnover markers including bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), pentosidine, urinary total deoxypyridinoline (DPD), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were analyzed.
Main Results:
- BMD decreased with age at the femoral neck and total hip, but not the lumbar spine.
- Pentosidine and DPD levels increased with aging.
- No characteristic age or gender associations were found for 25(OH)D, PTH, and BAP.
- Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 15.3% of participants.
- A significant independent association between low BMD and TRACP-5b was found in females.
Conclusions:
- Hip BMD declines with aging in both men and women, while lumbar spine BMD remains stable.
- Most bone turnover markers showed no significant independent associations with age or gender in multivariate analysis.
- TRACP-5b may serve as a useful marker for detecting low BMD, particularly in women.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Bone Disorders
4.8K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
4.8K
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
5.3K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
5.3K
01:25Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health
4.4K
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
4.4K
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
3.3K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.3K
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
119
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
119
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism
66
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
66