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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
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T-cell memory in tissues.

Klaas P J M van Gisbergen1,2, Kyra D Zens3,4,5, Christian Münz3

  • 1Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

European Journal of Immunology
|April 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) provide rapid, localized immune protection at barrier sites. These cells are crucial for long-term immunity against infections and cancer but can also drive autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
ExhaustionHobitMemoryPersistent infectionTissue-resident memory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Microenvironments

Background:

  • Immunological memory traditionally relies on circulating memory T and B cells.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of tissue-resident immune cells, particularly tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm), in local immunity.
  • Trm are increasingly recognized as key players in both innate and adaptive immunity at barrier tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phenotype, tissue localization, and functional characteristics of Trm in mice and humans.
  • To discuss the factors governing Trm function, including plasticity and transcriptional control.
  • To examine the dual role of Trm in protective immunity and immunopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Trm phenotype and function.
  • Comparative analysis of Trm in different tissue niches.
  • Discussion of regulatory mechanisms controlling Trm activity.

Main Results:

  • Trm exhibit unique properties enabling long-lived immunological memory across various organs.
  • Trm are involved in responses to acute and persistent infections, as well as cancer.
  • Dysregulated Trm activity can lead to immunopathology in allergic and autoimmune diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Trm are essential for localized, long-term immune surveillance and rapid responses to reinfection.
  • Balancing activating and inhibitory signals is crucial for Trm function, ensuring effective immunity while preventing host tissue damage.
  • Understanding Trm biology is vital for developing targeted therapies for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune conditions.