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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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IgG4-related hypophysitis.

Alireza Amirbaigloo1, Fatemeh Esfahanian2, Marjan Mouodi3

  • 1Endocrinologist, Practicing at Private Office, Karaj, Iran.

Endocrine
|April 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Immunoglobulin G4-related hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory pituitary disorder. This study reviews 115 cases, highlighting clinical, imaging, and pathological findings for better diagnosis and management of this underdiagnosed condition.

Keywords:
6th cranial (abducens) nerve palsyDiabetes insipidusHypopituitarismIgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD)IgG4-related hypophysitis (IgG4-RH)

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory pituitary disorder with various classifications.
  • Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory condition.
  • The prevalence of both hypophysitis and IgG4-RD may be underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of biopsy-proven IgG4-related hypophysitis.
  • To review clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathological findings of IgG4-related hypophysitis.
  • To analyze therapeutic management and prognosis of published cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of an Iranian patient with IgG4-related hypophysitis.
  • Systematic literature review of 115 published cases of hypophysitis secondary to IgG4-RD.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics, laboratory results, imaging findings, pathology, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • IgG4-related hypophysitis presents with diverse clinical and imaging features.
  • Histopathological examination reveals characteristic IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration.
  • Treatment strategies include corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, with varying prognoses.

Conclusions:

  • IgG4-related hypophysitis is an important differential diagnosis for pituitary inflammation.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and optimize treatment protocols.